{"id":1247,"date":"2012-12-15T11:29:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-15T16:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/?page_id=1247"},"modified":"2024-09-18T14:14:58","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T18:14:58","slug":"in-search-of-a-better-way-adjusting-shrimp-trawl-gear","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/in-search-of-a-better-way-adjusting-shrimp-trawl-gear\/","title":{"rendered":"In Search of a Better Way: Adjusting Shrimp Trawl Gear"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n

During the holidays, visions of shrimp may dance in many heads, from shrimp cocktail to shrimp towers to shrimp kebabs. But while it might be easy to pluck these crustaceans from festive platters, harvesting them from state waters is more involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In North Carolina, bottom trawlers catch shrimp by pulling nets in tows that typically last 30 minutes or longer. Once they bring the catch on board, shrimpers have to sort through their haul, which is time and labor intensive. Besides shrimp, their load often includes unintended catch, or bycatch, such as sharks, rays and jellyfish that have to be returned to the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hauls with a lot of bycatch reduce trawler fuel efficiency and increase the time needed to manually cull the catch. In some instances, high bycatch-to-shrimp ratios may result in bruised or crushed shrimp, producing an inferior-quality product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

John Broome, a Wilmington-based shrimper, conducted two projects that tested shrimp gear changes. His research ideas were supported by the N.C. Fishery Resource Grant Program. The FRG program, as it also is known, is administered by North Carolina Sea Grant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe proposed to come up with new gear that would help us cull the catch out faster and also get the bycatch back into the water faster,\u201d Broome explains. Quick processing preserves the quality of the shrimp and helps the bycatch survive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen you have bycatch, I think it\u2019s important to get it back into the water and try to keep everything alive,\u201d he continues. \u201cIt\u2019s good for the industry and it\u2019s good for the environment.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scott Baker, Sea Grant fisheries specialist, sees a win-win situation. \u201cThis is a case where shrimpers and fishery managers want the same thing: Make the shrimp fishery both more efficient and more selective in the harvest of shrimp,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A GRATE-FULL OF CATCH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Broome\u2019s initial FRG project added two grates and a flooding method to his culling process in an attempt to reduce the sorting time for shrimp and bycatch. This three-part culling process could be used individually or in combination. He bottom-trawled in the ocean between Carolina Beach and Oak Island, and in the Cape Fear River.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The
Broom reported that the 20inch, reduced-grid turtle excluder device was better in reducing bycatch and minimizing shrimp loss, and often resulted in lighter hauls with lower bycatch-to-shrimp ratio than the standard 4-inch TED. Photo by Nick Morgan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe whole purpose is to minimize the unwanted aspect of shrimping, which is dealing with bycatch,\u201d Baker explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another intention was to preserve the quality of the shrimp through quicker culls. \u201cThe sooner you can get the bycatch separated, the sooner you can get the shrimp into their final place \u2014 whether that\u2019s ice or brine or anything to get it processed,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, Broome built a culling efficiency sorter, or CES, which was a grate with bars spaced 2 inches apart, for the top of his culling box. When he emptied the tailbag \u2014 which is the end of the net where the shrimp are caught \u2014 on the table, the CES trapped the bigger bycatch while the smaller shrimp fell through.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBefore it even got to the bottom of the box, we were able to capture a lot of the bycatch,\u201d he recalls. Broome and his mate removed marketable fish before scraping other fish and debris into the water with culling rakes. The top CES allowed Broome to return unwanted species quickly to the water, ensuring lower mortality for bycatch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was a work in progress, as he adjusted his methods throughout his trawls to find a workflow that would make culling safer and more efficient. Initially, he used a shaker motor to move the shrimp off the grate. However, when he found that the vibrations caused more bycatch to drop into the culling table, he stopped using it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Second, Broome flooded the box in hopes that the fish would float and the shrimp would remain at the bottom of the table. Although this method didn\u2019t work as well as expected, the water had several advantages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quickly flooding the shrimp helped preserve their quality by cooling them and reducing bacterial activity, particularly if the shrimp had died. Further, the water lifted the heavier fish off the smaller crustaceans, reducing the chances of the shrimp being bruised and easing the process of separating the shrimp from bycatch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, Broome had another grate at the bottom of the table with 1-inch separations between the bars that he would raise to remove more bycatch. At the end of this process, \u201cwe were left with almost pure shrimp sometimes,\u201d he notes, which was good for the shrimp \u2014 and for his business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen you\u2019re culling, you\u2019re having to go through everything and you\u2019re using culling rakes and you\u2019re pulling things through. I think that it just seemed to me that the shrimp were not bruised or damaged as much because you didn\u2019t have that much material to sort through. It seemed to me like a better-quality product,\u201d Broome says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baker agrees. The CES is \u201cgood at removing large items quickly and may remove some other items as well. And, although not tested, by having a wet culling table, it basically allows the shrimp to be of higher quality,\u201d he adds, noting that potential future projects could measure the quality of the shrimp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OUTSIDE THE BOX<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The success of the CES got Broome thinking outside of the (culling) box to the turtle excluder device, or TED, in his nets. \u201cIf we could eliminate a lot of the bycatch by using that top grate, why not incorporate it into the TED itself?\u201d he asked. Federal law requires him to use TEDs in his trawl nets to prevent turtles from getting trapped in the end bag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For his second project, Broome experimented with 2-inch spacing for his TEDs. The shrimper wanted to compare the relative effectiveness of the standard and reduced spacing. \u201cAs far as I know, I was the first to use and conduct research by comparing a 4-inch grid TED to a 2-inch grid TED on the East Coast,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Broome
Broome prides himself on providing high-quality shrimp to his customers. Photo by Nick Morgan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Regulations state that 4 inches is the maximum distance between the TED bars for shrimp trawls, but do not specify a minimum spacing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThose bars are spaced at 4 inches because that\u2019s the width of a carapace, from belly to the top of a turtle,\u201d explains Sara Mirabilio, Sea Grant fisheries specialist. \u201cAnything bigger than that would trap turtles.\u201d See story on page 16 for Mirabilio\u2019s project to test a new TED design for the flounder trawl fishery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In trawl nets, the TEDs are angled to guide any turtles or other larger creatures that enter the net to an opening that allows them to escape. Smaller fish and shrimp slip through the bars of the TED into the bag end of the net.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Broome figured that a TED with smaller spacing might keep more bycatch out of his end bag. But he was concerned that the change also might affect his catch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAfter I put up for the project and it got approved, I thought I was setting myself up for a lot of shrimp loss,\u201d Broome admits. But he plunged gamely into the research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe bycatch was decreased by using the smaller spacing but the shrimp catch was the same, which is great,\u201d Sea Grant\u2019s Baker notes. Less bycatch means the shrimpers could lower their fuel costs by pulling lighter loads. In addition, smaller hauls improve safety for the crew because they do not have heavy nets swinging at the back of their boats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On average, the standard TED caught about 30 pounds of shrimp per tow compared to the reduced-grid TED that bagged 28 pounds, for a difference of two pounds. \u201cAnd on over half of the tows,\u201d Broome continues, \u201cthe net that had the 2-inch grid actually caught more shrimp.\u201d He conducted his tows between Carolina Beach and Lockwood Folly inlets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Steve Parrish, owner of S&S Trawls in Supply, makes TEDs for shrimp trawlers in this country and around the world. He assembled the narrow-grid TED for Broome, but he also builds them for many of his customers in and outside the state, with spacing varying between 2 and 4 inches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was Parrish who advised Broome on the minimum spacing for his bars. \u201cAnything less than 2 inches will cause a great amount of shrimp loss, especially for larger shrimp,\u201d the TED builder warns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For his shrimp-trawling customers, reduced-grid TEDs are fairly popular. \u201cJust about all fishermen use them at some time or another,\u201d Parrish says. They are a tool that shrimpers can use at different times of the year to reduce bycatch while maintaining their haul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parrish calls these narrow-grid TEDs jellyball TEDs. Broome quickly discovered why. Jellyballs are a nickname for cannonball jellyfish that are similar in size and appearance to their namesake missile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBy using the 2-inch reduced-grid TED, it knocked most of the jellyballs out,\u201d Broome confirms. In addition, he could keep shrimping without having to stop to unclog his TED of jellyballs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEEKING A WILLING AUDIENCE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In Broome\u2019s eyes, both projects were resounding successes \u2014 and he is ready to spread the word. \u201cWe conducted outreach by creating a pamphlet and distributing them at local net shops and regional commercial fishing establishments,\u201d he says. As a result of his and Sea Grant\u2019s efforts, several shrimpers have contacted Broome for more information about his gear changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Broome's
Broome’s Boat, Plan B, is a 35-foot shrimp trawler that pulls two identical nets separated by a sled in the middle. Photo by Nick Morgan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAnybody that will stand still long enough, I\u2019ll tell them what a benefit this is,\u201d he continues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These days, Broome still uses the CES gear. \u201cWe flood the culling box now and we also use the top grate. And occasionally, if we have the right kind of bycatch \u2014 if it\u2019s smaller \u2014 we will use the bottom grate too,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, he uses the 2-inch reduced-grid TED, together with a combination of the CES gear. This gives the bycatch two chances to be culled quickly. On occasion, his culling times are a quarter of what they would be if he didn\u2019t use either gear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Broome, every step to improve the quality of his shrimp is worth it. \u201cThat\u2019s why even though that 2-inch reduced grid takes a lot of the bycatch out, I still incorporate this other [CES] method of culling and that helps even more,\u201d he says. Other positive side effects include safer shrimping conditions because of lighter hauls and reduced labor costs because there is less bycatch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re getting a better-quality product and we\u2019re also getting the bycatch back into the water faster, so there\u2019s less mortality and that\u2019s important too,\u201d Broome adds. \u201cThe more we can do in this industry to help the bycatch and to reduce the mortality, the better position we\u2019re in.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To read Broome\u2019s final Fishery Resource Grant reports, go to: www.ncseagrant.org. Search for 09-FEG-01 for the CES study, and for 10-FEG-03 for his reduced-grid TED project. Visit: www.ncseagrant.org\/s\/shrimp-gear for a Blueprint summarizing Broome\u2019s recommendations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SHRIMP FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN UPDATE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Through September and October, the N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries, also known as DMF, sought public comments for its five-year revision of the Shrimp Fishery Management Plan, or FMP. Currently, one of the FMP\u2019s recommendations is to continue research in the shrimp trawl fishery and investigate how this method affects habitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The N.C. Marine Fisheries Commission, or MFC, can either pursue a revision, which involves updating the data and fishery-related information in the plan, or an amendment process to explore changes in management strategies. In a September announcement, DMF said that there are no plans to make any amendments to the Shrimp FMP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The MFC will decide how to proceed with the new FMP at its November meeting. Visit: portal.ncdenr.org\/web\/mf for the latest information on MFC actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article was published in the Holiday 2012<\/a> issue of Coastwatch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For contact information and reprint requests, visit ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/contact\/<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

During the holidays, visions of shrimp may dance in many heads, from shrimp cocktail to shrimp towers to shrimp kebabs. But while it might be easy to pluck these crustaceans from festive platters, harvesting them from state waters is more involved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":3716,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"views\/single-immersive.blade.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ncst_custom_author":"E-Ching Lee","ncst_show_custom_author":true,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/default-immersive-post-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"backgroundColor\":\"custombg_one\",\"caption\":\"Bars on the top grate catch larger bycatch from the net, while the smaller grate stops more unwanted catch from falling to the bottom of the culling table. 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