![\"A](\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2014\/04\/by-Tyler-Averett-3.jpg\")
\u201cHarvesting rainwater is a water resourcesaving measure \u2014 a way to cut demand for treating, transporting and using high quality drinking water for irrigation, vehicle washing and even street cleaning,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
During peak summer months, some estimates show more than 40 percent of water consumption goes to outdoor uses, especially for thirsty landscapes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
But consider this: During a one-inch rain event, experts say it\u2019s possible to harvest three-fifths of a gallon of reusable water from every square foot of roof. So it makes environmental and economic sense to collect, store and recycle rainwater from rooftops for an array of non-potable uses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A 50- or 60-gallon rain barrel is easy to install and could capture rainwater year-round to satisfy part of a homeowner\u2019s small-scale landscaping needs. Large capacity cisterns \u2014 suitable for greater outdoor uses \u2014 are available, but may require professional \u201chow-to\u201d guidance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
However, the extra effort to capture more \u201cfree\u201d water pays double dividends: Rainwater harvesting helps protect water supplies and water quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cisterns can be added to the mix of stormwater management measures to collect, store and filter stormwater on site. Contaminants carried in fast-moving stormwater are thereby prevented from reaching nearby streams, rivers and coastal waterways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThere is room for innovation by folks looking to adopt site-specific, low impact development practices,\u201d Putnam says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Low impact development, or LID, is an approach to stormwater management site design that employs a combination of techniques to filter, store, evaporate or reuse stormwater at the location it is generated. Its goal is to imitate, or improve, a site\u2019s predevelopment natural flow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The good news is that there are resources \u2014 workshops, demonstration sites, university and cooperative extension experts, and some grant funds \u2014 to help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MEETING OF MINDS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Mark McCloskey, East Carolina Community Development, Inc.\u2019s vice president for planning and development, says that tapping into \u201call of the above\u201d helped turn the nonprofit\u2019s \u201cgreen dream\u201d into reality in Jacksonville in late 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cGlenstal is a total package,\u201d says McCloskey. The 56-unit, energy-star apartment complex is reserved for low-income individuals who are 55 years of age and older. Clusters of quadplexes offer private front-porch entrances with views of rain gardens, grassy swales, tree-lined walkways, constructed wetlands and lushly landscaped outdoor gathering spaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The aesthetics have a purpose, McCloskey explains. They are part of Glenstal\u2019s stormwater management plan that addresses the typical challenges of installing LID elements in the White Oak Watershed, including its poor soil drainage and seasonal high water table. The result is a \u201chybrid\u201d stormwater plan that combines LID and conventional practices, such as detention ponds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Glenstal\u2019s centerpiece \u2014 and point of special pride \u2014 is a community garden that features nine raised planting beds with sidewalk access and seating areas. Nearby, two 1,100-gallon cisterns collect rainwater from the community building roof to irrigate the gardens. In heavy rain events, the cisterns overflow to grassy swales that use gravity to carry the water to constructed wetlands that hold and filter water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cMark rallied the troops and we were in lockstep toward making a \u2018green\u2019-designed Glenstal happen,\u201d says Noreen Walker, ECC DI development officer. A grant from The Conservation Fund\u2019s Resourceful Communities Program\u2019s Creating New Economies Fund to implement the gardens and cistern project was serendipitous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Walker adds that the nonprofit will seek additional funding to help implement similar resource-saving features at ECC DI\u2019s affordable housing properties in Onslow, Carteret and Craven counties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cRainwater harvesting is an element I learned about at LID seminars and workshops where I met landscape architect Heather Burkert, an award-winning expert in LID design,\u201d McCloskey notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The two share an enthusiasm and a vision for designing a plan for ECC DI\u2019s first ground-up, green complex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For her part, Burkert approaches site design with an eye toward water resource management. She says that understanding and respecting the interconnectedness of natural systems \u2014 hydrology, geology, soils, vegetation \u2014 is key to good land planning, as well as good stewardship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Burkert practices what she preaches at Greenlands Farm, a sustainable agriculture enterprise she owns and operates with her husband Henry in Brunswick County. The farm is enrolled as a Voluntary Agriculture District, a farmland conservation program.<\/p>\n\n\n\n To get the farm up and running nine years ago, the couple employed nearly every LID technique to effectively manage stormwater on the acreage. Now, they are harvesting organic fruits and vegetables, gathering eggs from free-range chickens, harvesting honey from a dozen beehives, and enjoying milk from 10 dairy goats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The goats, she says, are spoiled. They will drink only rainwater collected from the milking barn roof into three 65-gallon rain barrels. The system is set up to divert the first couple of inches of rainfall into bioretention cells beneath the barnyard. This practice prevents contaminated surface water from entering adjacent water systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTo some, harvesting rainwater may seem like a small part of the big environmental picture. But, my advice is to do what you are able to do. Small things add up to big impacts,\u201d Burkert adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pat Donovan-Potts, stormwater manager for the City of Jacksonville since 2002, knows from experience that individual efforts do make a difference in addressing big environmental issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In fact, the city\u2019s educational outreach targets all segments of its population with the message that \u201cEvery Backyard Counts.\u201d It\u2019s part of an ongoing program to keep stormwater drains clear of debris, grease, trash and other harmful pollutants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As early as the mid-2000s, Donovan-Potts spearheaded a drive to map and mark some 8,000 stormwater drains in the City of Jacksonville with \u201cDon\u2019t Dump. Drains to the New River\u201d decals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Recently, she focused on rainwater harvesting. A grant from the N.C. Division of Soil and Water Conservation\u2019s Community Conservation Assistance Program helped fund the installation of two 3,000-gallon cisterns to collect rainwater from the massive roofs at the city\u2019s public works facility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The filtered rainwater is used to fill street sweepers that otherwise would use drinking water to clean Jacksonville\u2019s streets. It amounts to saving hundreds of thousands of gallons of potable water each year, Donovan-Potts explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The collection system also is part of the stormwater management site plan to reduce runoff to surrounding wetlands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plans for a new city public safety complex include installing underground cisterns to gather rooftop rainwater that will be used for washing city fire trucks and police vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Additionally, at the Sturgeon City Environmental Education Center on Wilson Bay, a demonstration rainwater harvesting system sends filtered rainwater to an indoor aquarium, where a half-dozen longnose gar swim about.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The lively fish are reminders that Jacksonville\u2019s modern day success as champions of water quality began in 1991 with dual environmental red flags. The New River, which feeds Wilson Bay, was deemed one of the worst rivers in the state by the N.C. Division of Water Quality. The 12-acre bay was pronounced ecologically dead and Shellfish Sanitation officials closed it to recreational and commercial uses because of high levels of fecal coliform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Some 40 years worth of treated wastewater discharge from the Wilson Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant and unfettered stormwater discharges into the river and bay delivered a one-two punch to life in the important waterways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The closing of the treatment plant in 1998 gave rise to the Wilson Bay Initiative, a major effort to clean up the bay and the river, Donovan-Potts says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A grant from the Clean Water Management Trust Fund in 1999 kick-started an ambitious bioremediation program that included planting oysters to filter the ailing water column, installing aeration devices, implementing stormwater mitigation measures to address illicit discharges, and launching a public awareness campaign.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIt started as research to test the filtration rate of bivalves outside a laboratory setting,\u201d says Donovan-Potts. Working at the time with researcher Jay Levine from the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Donovan-Potts collected baseline data and monitored results. \u201cThe success of the initiative was nothing short of amazing,\u201d she recalls. \u201cWe reopened the river and the bay to recreational and commercial uses in 2001. It\u2019s truly exciting to see the diverse aquatic life that has returned to Wilson Bay and the New River.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The success of the Wilson Bay Initiative was a turning point for the City of Jacksonville, which continues to implement programs to safeguard water quality and to encourage citizen participation through an array of environmental educational programs and demonstration projects, including promoting rainwater harvesting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jim Hoffman, superintendent of the River Bend Country Club in Craven County, is a believer in rainwater harvesting. He says a rainwater collection and reuse system installed in May 2011 is exceeding expectations and goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThe benefit to us is huge. The system collects rainwater from the lowest point of the property that was prone to flooding and stores it in cisterns for irrigating lawns and landscaped beds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThe beauty is that the system allows us to manage all the stormwater on the property, with no more runoff into the Trent River. If the cisterns overflow, the water flows by gravity into catchment ponds to filter through into the water table or be used to irrigate our golf course,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The high praise must be music to the ears of Kathy DeBusk, a doctoral candidate in NC State\u2019s Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, who designed and helped install the complex, automated system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DeBusk describes the River Bend Country Club project as \u201ca very elaborate research site\u201d with many features that are specifically geared to measure how well the sum of its parts is working, and how improvements might be made to each element of the design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n She is determining the nitrogen levels of soil samples she takes every two weeks to be sure that irrigation rates maintain nutrient levels that don\u2019t interfere with turf quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n DeBusk also is tracking progress of a sophisticated rainwater harvesting system she designed and installed for the visitors\u2019 center at the entrance to Tryon Palace in New Bern. More visible to the general public, the automated system includes five 650-gallon, slim-profile cisterns that hug the side of the building.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The harvested rainwater is used to irrigate formal gardens at the rear of the building. Overflow runs into an adjacent rain garden that includes a host of moisture-loving, native plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A real-time system of electronics measures rainfall, checks the National Weather Service rain forecast, and determines how much water will flow to the gardens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sea Grant\u2019s Putnam says she is pleased to see that large-scale rainwater harvesting is becoming a strategy to manage stormwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIt\u2019s an important part of a holistic waste-not, want-not approach that adds up to saving potable water and energy, recharging groundwater, and preventing stormwater runoff,” Putnam concludes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This article was published in the Winter 2012<\/a> issue of Coastwatch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"Gray](\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2014\/04\/by-Tyler-Averett_Gray-Harris-Energizer-male-dolphinfish.jpg\")
RAISING AWARENESS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Gergory](\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2014\/04\/by-Tyler-Averett-Gray-Harris-mate-Energizer-w-wahoo.jpg\")
SEEING IS BELIEVING<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Alan](\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2014\/04\/by-Nate-Bacheler.jpg\")