{"id":32030,"date":"2025-10-02T09:20:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T13:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/?p=32030"},"modified":"2025-10-02T13:24:22","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T17:24:22","slug":"fall-2025-green-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/coastwatch\/fall-2025-green-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Green Solutions at Biltmore Hills Park"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n

\u201cYou lay awake and you think, Lord, when it storms, is that creek going to feed back up and be worse this time? It\u2019s scary, but I will not leave this area. I was born and raised here in my family\u2019s house. I am living in the house I was raised in, my kids were raised in. My grandkids are coming up in it.\u201d <\/em>
\u2014 Julia Kay Daniels<\/strong>, Rochester Heights resident
from the Raleigh Stories Public Art Project<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two miles south of downtown Raleigh, in a neighborhood of townhomes and single-family homes, a small creek starts inauspiciously, growing in size as it flows along the edge of Raleigh\u2019s Biltmore Hill Park and underneath the ten lanes of I-40, where the interstate bisects two historic neighborhoods created for African Americans in the late 1950s and early 1960s: Rochester Heights and Biltmore Hills. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the origins of \u201cRochester Heights Creek\u201d are modest, its impacts are outsized, carrying the stormwater runoff from nearby roads, parking lots, and buildings. During heavy rain events, this creek \u2014 which has no official name in the state\u2019s records \u2014 swells and rages, carving dirt out of the streambanks as it turns corners, rising up over the banks behind homes in Rochester Heights, flooding backyards and street intersections, lapping at foundations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the direct force of Hurricane Fran in 1996, runoff from the stream met rising waters from Walnut Creek to cause catastrophic flooding of homes within and closest to the floodplain. The specter of that flood has lingered in Rochester Heights, helping to spur the formation of Partners for Environmental Justice (PEJ) out of St. Ambrose Episcopal Church. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Adding a bioretention area reduces stormwater runoff, and it can enhance aesthetics, as the community center at Biltmore Hills Park shows before (above) and after (below). Credits: Kris Bass (above) and Christy Perrin (below).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Where Rochester Heights Creek flows into Walnut Creek, PEJ and its many partners advocated for the protection of the Walnut Creek Wetlands to safeguard the stormwater solutions that the wetlands provide during heavy storms. However, the amount of stormwater runoff flowing into Walnut Creek \u2014 and thus backing up into this little feeder creek \u2014 has only increased with upstream development and with increasingly intense storms fueled by warming ocean waters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

North Carolina Sea Grant and the NC Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) began supporting PEJ\u2019s mission of empowering communities and protecting ecosystems in 2014 after PEJ\u2019s founding chairperson Norman Camp and the NC State College of Humanities and Social Sciences\u2019 Deidre Crumbley hosted a forum at NC State for the academic community. On behalf of WRRI and Sea Grant, I teamed with Louie Rivers from NC State\u2019s College of Natural Resources to share leadership of the resulting collaboration \u2014 the Walnut Creek Wetlands Community Partnership \u2014 which included support from the national non-profits American Rivers and The Conservation Fund, as well as participation from PEJ, City of Raleigh, St. Ambrose Church, and other groups. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
This bioretention area provides an outdoor classroom for high schoolers in a rain garden apprenticeship program from Urban Sustainability Solutions. Credit: Christy Perrin<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Green Solutions for Stormwater Runoff<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Early discussions with neighbors during focus groups and through a survey of community members showed continued evidence and concern for flooding. There also was the need to build trust between a local government with a history of discrimination and neglect of Black neighborhoods and community members who have experienced past injustices, such as dumping and inequitable charges for stormwater management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, WRRI and Sea Grant\u2019s Grace Fullmer created a small watershed plan for Rochester Heights Creek. The focus area plan became part of the Walnut Creek Watershed Action Plan, which the North Carolina Dept. of Environmental Quality also hosted online. During this rapid planning process, discussions with some of the residents who lived next to the creek provided support for focusing on upstream contributors to stormwater runoff. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because Biltmore Hills Park was constructed well before requirements for managing stormwater, it was a logical place to start the watershed improvement effort. By this time, the City of Raleigh\u2019s Stormwater Department and the city\u2019s Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources were already participating in the Partnership and listening to community concerns about the creek. So, in late spring of 2020, while most people were working out of their homes due to the COVID pandemic, a team sported face masks to walk the extent of Biltmore Hills Park, searching for viable locations to disconnect \u201cimpervious surfaces\u201d (such as rooftops, parking lots, and roads) from immediate pathways for stormwater to the adjacent creek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Reducing runoff has lessened erosion that affects nearby Rochester Heights Creek. Credit: Christy Perrin<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

They focused on the eastern side of the park, because the western edge was undergoing planning for new tennis courts that also included green infrastructure to reduce the new facility\u2019s runoff. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the park\u2019s eastern side, the team identified a series of potential green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) projects that could intercept and treat runoff from the community center, playground, picnic area, and upper parking lot. As opposed to piped drainage systems, green infrastructure mitigates stormwater at its source while delivering environmental, social, and economic benefits. GSI typically uses vegetation, soils, and other elements and practices to restore some of the natural processes required to manage water and create healthier urban environments. At the city or county scale, green infrastructure is a patchwork of natural areas that provides habitat, flood protection, cleaner air, and cleaner water. At the neighborhood or site scale, GSI mimics nature to slow, soak up, and store stormwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From Dreams to Reality<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The EPA and the City of Raleigh provided support for the project\u2019s green stormwater solutions. Kris Bass Engineering began the design, while WRRI and Sea Grant began engaging community members at outdoor events about GSI (which, in this case, began by emphasizing the importance of trees). Site design led to design review, design review led to construction drawings, and construction drawings moved through City and State permitting and review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Along the way, I facilitated monthly team meetings to provide a regular forum for partners to ask questions and check in with one other. Many topics arose, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 What do we do about the electric line traversing our project area? (The City of Raleigh will pay Duke Energy to move it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Do we remove our largest \u201cbioretention area\u201d (an engineered rain garden) from the proposed scope of work, because the lowest contractor bid was still higher than our budget? (Yes, for now, but let\u2019s find more funding and return it.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 How would we navigate through the complications of seemingly never-ending surprises of on-site utilities? (We rely on the City of Raleigh\u2019s construction project engineer Desmond Whitfield.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
New features at Biltmore Hills Park include a swale \u2014 an open channel that absorbs and directs water \u2014 and two rainwater harvesting cisterns (above and below), perfect for muralist Adriana Ameigh\u2019s eye-catching color. Credit: Christy Perrin (above) and Adriana Ameigh (below).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This complicated GSI project \u2014 the most complex that I\u2019ve overseen \u2014 succeeded with a highly collaborative team navigating issues that surfaced at every step. When pandemic-induced inflation took a bite out of the budget, the team sought and won additional funding to implement the entire vision for the park through a second grant from the NC Department of Justice\u2019s Ecosystem Enhancement Grant program. When all the contractor bids came in over budget, City of Raleigh\u2019s project liaison, Amy Farinelli, worked with the Stormwater Department to obtain additional cost share funds to close the gap and hire the contractor with the lowest bid, Fluvial Solutions, Inc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This additional support enabled the installation of all of the stormwater control measures for Biltmore Hills Park. A bioretention area, swale, and two cisterns treat runoff \u2014 quite beautifully and visibly \u2014 at the Biltmore Hills Community Center. Other bioretention areas include two large ones visible from the community pool and a new stabilized conveyance that replaces a previously eroded ditch in the center of the park. An additional bioretention area and a stabilized roadway conveyance are now in place at the park entrance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raleigh Arts, the City\u2019s public arts division, joined the team to help invite local artists to submit applications to design and paint murals on the rainwater harvesting cisterns. Chris Burwell, the park director, shared the submitted illustrations with park users to select a design that resonated with community members. Local artist Adriana Ameigh\u2019s dreamy and colorful botanical murals were the community favorites and now provide vibrant images for parkgoers to enjoy while picnicking or playing on the nearby playground. In addition, informational signs about bioretention and rainwater harvesting inform visitors about the park\u2019s green stormwater infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Successes \u2014 And What\u2019s Next<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

As intended, the completed green stormwater projects reduce the volume of runoff and associated pollution entering the creek flowing through the Biltmore Hills and Rochester Heights neighborhoods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Several participants also helped create a park Tree Guide, including, left to right: Angela Daniel, Ethan Boggs, Johnny Boggs, Jackie Boggs, Ruby Powell Greene, Christy Perrin, and Alyanna Wilson. Credit: Christy Perrin<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Reductions in the amounts of nitrogen (by 64%) and phosphorus (by 60%) that enter the creek each year provide benefits to downstream Walnut Creek, the Neuse River, and its estuary. In excess, these nutrients can promote algal blooms and cause groundwater contamination, both of which bring a variety of associated environmental and human health risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most importantly for the downstream neighbors, annual stormwater runoff volume is down by 55% \u2014 a reduction of 155,814 cubic feet per year when precipitation falls as expected. Although this reduction in runoff alone cannot prevent flooding of downstream homes during large rain events, particularly because rising levels of Walnut Creek may contribute to this tributary\u2019s water level, the new GSI does help reduce the impacts of more frequent rain events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The project also shows where the \u201crubber meets the road,\u201d as partners seek to install enough runoff-reduction projects throughout the watershed to reduce creek flows and flood risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although we did face challenges, the project was ultimately successful in installing all of the GSI that we identified as feasible for the park, as well as providing multiple opportunities for community engagement and education. We hope it can serve as an inspirational model as our many partners work together to identify and implement additional projects to benefit people and the environment in this drainage area and the wider Walnut Creek Watershed. Already, our partners are engaging community members in seeking additional potential GSI project sites and streambank restoration opportunities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2019m not a contractor, nor do I play one on TV or on YouTube. What I do have is a love for creating gathering spaces for people with neighborhood knowledge and concerns, lived experiences, and expertise \u2014 and the passion to come up with great ideas and make those ideas happen, together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the people mentioned above, many others helped make this project a success: City of Raleigh employees Shawsheen Baker, Houston Jones, Kelly McChesney, Terry Naranjo, Megan Walsh, and Neil Wisenbaker; Kris Bass, Connor Brown and Carmen Tormey of Kris Bass Engineering; Peter Jelenevsky and the crew from Fluvial Solutions; Sea Grant Community Engaged Intern Alyanna Wilson; WRRI interns Darius Collins Jr. and Ezekiel Snyder; and Walnut Creek Stewardship Corps members Angela Daniel, Elena Fedorova, Alysia Richard, and Denise Spaugh. Partners for Environmental Justice initiated this important work in the watershed and has continued to empower community to move it forward.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

More<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGreen Infrastructure Site Selection in the Walnut Creek Wetland Community: A Case Study from Southeast Raleigh, North Carolina\u201d<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Walnut Creek Watershed Action Plan<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

about the Walnut Creek Wetlands Community Partnership<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

about green stormwater infrastructure<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

about green stormwater infrastructure in Biltmore Hills<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Guide to Coastal Living<\/em> on addressing stormwater runoff<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lead photo<\/em>: A biorentention area filters stormwater and allows it to permeate the soil at Biltmore Hills Park \u2014 and it supports plenty of summertime pollinators. Credit: Christy Perrin<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Christy Perrin<\/strong> is the sustainable waters and communities coordinator for North Carolina Sea Grant and the NC Water Resources Research Institute. Her interests include helping public and private organizations enhance community development while protecting natural resources, particularly in historically underserved areas, and building capacity for collaborative leadership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FROM THE FALL 2025 ISSUE<\/strong>
coming soon<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cYou lay awake and you think, Lord, when it storms, is that creek going to feed back up and be worse this time? 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