In North Carolina, credit for that good news, in part, goes to the cadre of environmental health specialists who help shield the public from an array of health hazards, says Jeff French, regional environmental health specialist with the N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries<\/a>\u2019, or DMF\u2019s, Shellfish Sanitation Section<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n According to French, when it comes to seafood safety, it\u2019s essential to arm these specialists with a vast array of knowledge. This includes up-to-date \u201cbest practices\u201d across the different parts of the seafood industry and the latest regulatory compliance changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s a lot to keep up with. That\u2019s where the N.C. Environmental Health State of Practice Committee<\/a>, or SOP Committee, comes in. The SOP Committee was formed in the early 1980s to provide continuing-education opportunities for practicing environmental health specialists, better known as health inspectors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The late Joyce Taylor, a long-time North Carolina Sea Grant seafood education specialist, helped develop and present early editions of the Seafood Quality and Safety Workshop, working with Wayne Mobley of Shellfish Sanitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n French, Sea Grant seafood technology and marketing specialist Barry Nash<\/a>, and Steve Murphey, Shellfish Sanitation environmental health specialist, carry on that important mission as members of the all-volunteer SOP Committee. Each year, they organize a comprehensive three-day course, titled Seafood Quality and Safety Workshop: A Practical Workshop for Environmental Health Specialists, to present timely information on seafood-related topics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The curriculum content purposely varies from year to year. \u201cWe look for new information, new consumer focus, new products and new experiences to incorporate,\u201d French says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The workshop location also changes annually to accommodate the participation of professionals from mountain, piedmont and coastal regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A recent SOP workshop drew more than 25 participants to North Carolina State University\u2019s Center for Marine Science and Technology<\/a>, or CMAST, in Morehead City. Sea Grant and DMF co-sponsored the event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Participants helped to evaluate a value-added seafood product being developed by Nash and Charles Hudson, research and development chef from Asheville\u2019s Sunburst Trout Farms. The two dished up samples of a trout burger along with an evaluation form calling for comments on taste and texture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The trout burger could be rolled out this year as the next value-added product in the Sunburst line, Nash says. Data from sensory surveys are an important part of the product-development process, along with profit-point and food-safety considerations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nash previously conducted workshops for seafood dealers, processors and regulatory officials in seafood sanitation and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, or HACCP, seafood safety practices. He collaborated with the Seafood Laboratory at CMAST to provide the training.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The U.S. Food and Drug Administration<\/a> requires all seafood processors to develop and implement a HACCP plan to identify and control food hazards at all critical points in production, he told workshop attendees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n French notes that since the earliest years, the hallmark of SOP workshops has been landing seafood safety experts, such as Nash, from agencies, academia and the industry as speakers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Morehead City roster included representatives from Darden Foods Group, parent company of Red Lobster, Olive Garden and Longhorn restaurants; Harris Teeter Supermarkets; and Inland Seafood, a major seafood distributor in the Southeast region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Each company has developed corporate protocols for managing seafood safety. In addition, each contributes to global safety standards as members of the National Fisheries Institute<\/a>, or NFI. The companies also are represented on NFI\u2019s Better Seafood Board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n NFI is a nonprofit organization dedicated to global seafood safety, sustainability and nutrition. The board focuses on stamping out seafood fraud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n With nearly 30 years in the field, French himself is an expert in finfish and shellfish safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Health inspectors can rely on their senses when it comes to finfish, French says. Qualities of fresh fish are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n For shellfish, including clams, oysters and mussels, it\u2019s all about knowing their home address. Health inspectors should examine the mandatory information tag attached to the carton or mesh bag. Tags provide dealer name and certification number, harvest date and location, type of shellfish, quantity, and any consumer advisories. Tags must be kept on file for 90 days because they are important for tracing the source of shellfish in the event of illness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources<\/a>, which includes the Shellfish Sanitation Section, sets strict controls on growing, harvesting and consuming shellfish from pollution-free waters. Some bodies of water are permanently closed to shellfish harvesting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Others may be closed temporarily after heavy storms. Such restrictions are important because eating raw shellfish, particularly raw oysters, could pose serious health risks for pregnant women, the elderly, young people or people with compromised immune systems, French warns. These filter feeders can harbor Vibrio vulnificus<\/em>, a bacteria found in warm coastal waters. Consuming Vibrio<\/em> can lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and stomach pain \u2014 and even death in some cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Surprisingly, a lurking danger for seafood lovers is not necessarily a bad product, but rather, a bad label, says Shellfish Sanitation\u2019s Murphey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cA lot of good people spend a lot of time keeping consumers safe from bad seafood products,\u201d Murphey says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cUnfortunately, there is a lot more seafood fraud than inspectors to go around.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n A 2010 study by Oceana<\/a> revealed that one-third of 1,000 samples tested were mislabeled \u2014 mostly imported products, and mostly lower-value substitutions for more expensive fish. Red snapper is among the most commonly replaced high-value fish, he pointed out to workshop participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Most cases of fish fraud involve economic deception, including short weighting, overtreating products or falsifying the origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, some substitutions do pose health concerns. For example, escolar often is fraudulently labeled as white tuna. Eating this species can cause severe, intensive gastrointestinal problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Illegal and deceptive practices by some in the industry hurt the legitimate dealer or supplier and undermine consumer confidence, Murphey says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n But sometimes, the perpetrator pays a price. Recently, the Federal Register<\/a><\/em> reported that two importers were found guilty of falsely labeling shrimp. They were barred from importing shrimp \u2014 one for five years, the other for three years. The Federal Register<\/em> is the U.S. Government\u2019s official daily publication that reports legal notice of administrative rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Name that Critter session at the Seafood Safety and Quality Workshop helped familiarize participants with seafood imposters. The photo array also included some exotic, but legitimate, fish that inspectors may encounter in the increasing number of ethnic seafood restaurants and markets across the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alicia Pickett, senior environmental health program specialist for New Hanover County Health Department<\/a>, praises the SOP annual seafood workshop for helping participants keep up with industry trends and food-code changes at federal, state and local levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cI have taken the workshop course twice and come away with renewed confidence in keeping the public safe,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Like other workshop participants, Pickett shares valuable workshop information with her health department colleagues and encourages them to take advantage of the opportunity to earn continuing education credits. New Hanover County environmental health specialists provide multiple layers of protection in hundreds of food-service settings across the county, including restaurants, schools and markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Health inspectors are registered with the state oversight board and are authorized to enforce state rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pickett does not see herself as an adversary when she conducts an unannounced inspection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cWe\u2019re first and foremost educators. We work closely with our eating establishments and markets to ensure owners and managers understand and follow seafood safety code regulations,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For his part, Johnny Chen is proud to post the near-perfect county health department inspection rating cards in full view of patrons at each of his five eateries in the Wilmington area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n He knows high numerical ratings are good for his restaurants \u2014 a business he built slowly as area consumers developed a palette for sushi, and regulators adopted parameters for handling, storing and serving items that may contain raw fish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Beginning in the 1980s, New Hanover County Health Department also has regulated seafood markets and vehicles that are not regulated by the state, Pickett explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n County environmental health specialists issue annual permits and conduct unannounced inspections throughout the year to enforce seafood safety compliance. Health inspection rating cards are not issued to seafood markets or vehicles in New Hanover County, but valid permits must be displayed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In other counties, such as Craven, health inspectors issue numerical rating cards to eating establishments and letter-grade cards to seafood market and vehicle operators. These must be displayed along with permits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Seafood market and vehicle operators may lose their permits if they do not comply with seafood food-code requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Glen Long, Motts Channel Seafood Market<\/a> owner, prides himself in meeting every benchmark for seafood safety \u2014 from a HACCP plan to product traceability and spotless coolers to a picture-perfect, properly chilled fresh seafood display. The New Hanover County seafood market owner says he\u2019s picky and buys only from suppliers whose standards meet his high-quality criteria. For Long, that means no additives and no substitutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIf I won\u2019t eat it, I won\u2019t sell it,\u201d Long insists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Long\u2019s formula for receiving high ratings from inspectors and customers alike is straightforward. He says: \u201cKeep it clean, keep it fresh and keep it cold.\u201d Shellfish Sanitation\u2019s French could not have said it better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n North Carolina Sea Grant has several publications about seafood technology, product safety and marketing. These include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n To find these and other documents, go to ncseagrant.ncsu.edu<\/a> and search for seafood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n *********************************************************************************************************************************<\/p>\n\n\n\n Regulation, handling and inspection standards for seafood are meant to ensure that products at the market are safe and fresh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, consumers also play a critical role in maintaining seafood safety from point of purchase to the dinner plate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mariner\u2019s Menu<\/em><\/a>, North Carolina Sea Grant\u2019s premier seafood resource book by Joyce Taylor, devotes an entire chapter to seafood safety. Here are a few tips to keep in mind when purchasing, storing and preparing seafood: Buy only from reputable sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For more information, check out the Mariner\u2019s Menu<\/em> blog at www.marinersmenu.org<\/a>. Or look for the book in local stores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This article was published in the Spring 2014<\/a> issue of Coastwatch.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nA MOVEABLE FEAST<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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LEARN FROM EXPERTS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES<\/h2>\n\n\n
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TAKE-HOME MESSAGE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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CONSUMER SEAFOOD SAFETY TIPS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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