{"id":2137,"date":"2021-07-12T02:33:14","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T06:33:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/?p=2137"},"modified":"2023-07-26T12:39:52","modified_gmt":"2023-07-26T16:39:52","slug":"do-atlantic-sharpnose-sharks-get-smarter-as-they-get-older","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/do-atlantic-sharpnose-sharks-get-smarter-as-they-get-older\/","title":{"rendered":"Do Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks Get Smarter as They Get Older?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

This shark\u2019s brain never stops growing throughout its entire life, especially the regions responsible for motor control and sense of smell.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Need<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Over their lifetimes, some species occupy different environments and exhibit distinct life stages, known as \u201contogenetic shifts.\u201d The life histories of most sharks involve these ontogenetic shifts, which can include changes in habitat and diet, as well as behavioral changes at the onset of sexual maturity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, fishes \u2014 including sharks \u2014 commonly experience indeterminate growth, whereby their bodies and organs grow throughout their lives. However, very little work has been done to explore changes in the shark brain across life stages, which could provide insights into shifts both in sensory perception and behaviors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What did we study?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

We measured changes in brain size (relative to body size), as well as the proportion the brain occupies by major brain regions, throughout ontogeny in the Atlantic sharpnose shark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"This<\/a>
This Atlantic sharpnose shark could measure as long as 4 feet at adulthood. Credit: NOAA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What did we find?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As with other fishes, brain size grew significantly with body mass throughout the entire life of the Atlantic sharpnose shark, but most quickly during juvenile life stages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brain regions<\/em> increased in size as well, but at different rates. In particular, the regions of the brain that process odor cues (olfactory bulbs) and that are responsible for motor control (cerebellum) occupied larger and larger proportions of total brain size as the animal matured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/a>
The brain of an Atlantic sharpose shark, showing the regions that process smell (olfactory bulbs) and motor control (cerebellum) across life stages, including adulthood (far right). Scale: The vertical bar to the right of the adult brain equals 2cm. Images adapted from Laforest et al. (2019). All rights reserved.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Changes in the relative size of the olfactory bulbs across life stages may reflect an increased reliance on smell at later stages in Atlantic sharpnose sharks, while changes in the relative size of the cerebellum may be indicative of the ability to capture faster prey or an increase in the migratory nature of this species as it moves to offshore habitats with the onset of sexual maturity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sharks have always had a reputation for having a keen sense of smell, but recent work from our lab also suggests that olfactory abilities may vary between shark species, in addition to changing during the lifespan of a single shark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anything else?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Because a shark\u2019s brain continues to grow as the animal ages, its brain is very \u201cplastic.\u201d This means that changes in the environment, including human-caused disturbances, could significantly alter normal patterns of brain development \u2014 and, thus, behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reading<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Laforest K, Peele E, Yopak KE. 2020. Ontogenetic shifts in brain size and brain organization in the Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae<\/em><\/a>. Brain Behavior and Evolution 95:162-180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000511304<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Summary compiled by Kara E. Yopak<\/em>, an associate professor in the Department of Biology and Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. Her lab focuses on the evolution of the brain within and across sharks and their relatives, particularly the ways in which variation in brain size, structure, and cellular composition across species can inform complex behaviors and sensory specialization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“UNCW ZoMBiE Lab” (Zootomical Morphology of the Brain and Its Evolution)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

@ProfSharkBrain<\/a> and @YopakZoMBiELab<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Image:<\/a>
UNCW’s Kara E. Yopak (left), with co-authors Emily Peele (center) and Krista Laforest (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

This study was supported by startup funds from UNCW to K.E. Yopak, as well as internal UNCW funding schemes in the form of Applied Learning Funds (Department of Biology and Marine Biology) to K.E. Yopak, a CSURF Supply Grant to K.V. Laforest, and two College of Arts and Sciences Undergrad Research & Creativity Awards to K.V. Laforest and K.E. Yopak.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The text from Hook, Line & Science<\/em> is available to reprint and republish at no cost, but only in its entirety and with this attribution: Hook, Line & Science<\/em>, courtesy of Scott Baker and Sara Mirabilio, North Carolina Sea Grant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This shark\u2019s brain never stops growing throughout its entire life, especially the regions responsible for motor control and sense of smell.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":3197,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,531,16,530,1],"tags":[],"displayCategory":null,"yoast_head":"\nDo Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks Get Smarter as They Get Older? - Hook, Line and Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This shark\u2019s brain never stops growing throughout its entire life, especially the regions responsible for motor control and sense of smell.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/do-atlantic-sharpnose-sharks-get-smarter-as-they-get-older\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Do Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks Get Smarter as They Get Older?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This shark\u2019s brain never stops growing.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/do-atlantic-sharpnose-sharks-get-smarter-as-they-get-older\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hook, Line and Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-12T06:33:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-26T16:39:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2021\/07\/750x500-SEFSC-BLLAtlanticSharpnoseShark-NOAA-FisheriesTralee-Chapman-Permit-HMS-SRP-22-22.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"501\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Staff\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Do Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks Get Smarter as They Get Older?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"This shark\u2019s brain never stops growing.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2021\/07\/750x500-SEFSC-BLLAtlanticSharpnoseShark-NOAA-FisheriesTralee-Chapman-Permit-HMS-SRP-22-22.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Staff\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/do-atlantic-sharpnose-sharks-get-smarter-as-they-get-older\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ncseagrant.ncsu.edu\/hooklinescience\/do-atlantic-sharpnose-sharks-get-smarter-as-they-get-older\/\",\"name\":\"Do Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks Get Smarter as They Get Older? 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